# S3E14 Cube chatShaala: Exploring new ways of Learning
**URL:** https://metastudio.org/t/s3e14-cube-chatshaala-exploring-new-ways-of-learning/5243
**Category:** Events
**Created:** [November 22, 2020, 7:51am UTC](https://metastudio.org/t/s3e14-cube-chatshaala-exploring-new-ways-of-learning/5243 "2020-11-22T07:51:46Z")
**Posts on this page:** 3
**Page:** 1
### Author:  [@KiranKalakotiR](https://metastudio.org/u/KiranKalakotiR)
#### Post date: [November 22, 2020, 7:51am UTC](https://metastudio.org/t/s3e14-cube-chatshaala-exploring-new-ways-of-learning/5243/1 "2020-11-22T07:51:46Z")
Meeting URL
[webinar.hbcse.tifr.res.in](https://webinar.hbcse.tifr.res.in/b/kir-vgc-6jf)
### [HBCSE Webinar](https://webinar.hbcse.tifr.res.in/b/kir-vgc-6jf)
A front-end for HBCSE web conferencing server. You can create your own rooms to host sessions, or join others using a short and convenient link.
Please click on the **HBCSE Webinar** above to join the **CUBE ChatShaala**
**Timing:5.30 pm to 9.30 pm**
Webinar will be recorded and recording link will be post in the same thread after the webinar.
Looking forward to your participation.
Thank
---
### Author:  [@drishtantmkawale](https://metastudio.org/u/drishtantmkawale)
#### Post date: [November 22, 2020, 8:04pm UTC](https://metastudio.org/t/s3e14-cube-chatshaala-exploring-new-ways-of-learning/5243/2 "2020-11-22T20:04:39Z")
**CUBE Chatshaala on 22nd November 2020**
**54 CUBists** from **42 centres** joined the webinar.
[Map](https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1ANQRT0SdbkbtaF_sYwQ1tnAn0LEE0j20&usp=sharing)
**ANDHRA PRADESH**
Nellore: Anoopa. O, Anuhya Mucheli, Indira, Ujwalaraj
**ASSAM:**
Narsing High School, Silchar: Hasina Begam, Krishnendu Roy
Jorhat: Ishita Sonowal
Sonari: Susanta Tanti
**BIHAR:**
Sitamarhi: Anamika Singh
**DELHI:**
AND College: Sarita Kumar
**GOA:**
Nidhi Gawas
Nidhi Kapileshwari
Sucheta Naik
**JHARKHAND:**
Ranchi: Manjuel Jojo, Sweta Rani
Kanke, Ranchi: Ram Deepak
Morabadi, Ranchi: Shalini Lal
**KERALA:**
Varkala: Aavani RG
Chavakkad, Thrissur: Aiswarya NG
Ernakulam: Aishwarya Elizabeth, Essabell Philomina KJ, Pooja Baiju, Rexeena Sebastian
Kozhikode: Arunima
Malappuram: Devika Dasan
Mullasery: Krishna
Kandassankadavu: Lakshmy
Palakkad: Shrudhiga, Sujith
Thanniam: Sidhy PP
**MAHARASHTRA:**
South Bombay: Arunan MC
Ambernath: Aakanksha Sunilkumar
Ghatkopar: Aashutosh Mule, Anjanikumar Kashyap, Nishmita Amin
Ulwe, Navi Mumbai: Abhijeet Singh
Thane: Anshu Kadam
Nerul: DK
Adarsha Vidyalaya, Chembur: Gautam Mourya
Powai: Lydia Mathew
Kalyan: Mayur Gaikwad
Dahanu Road, Palghar: Sachin Pradhan
Bandra: Saida Sayyed
Panvel, Navi Mumbai: Shraddha Sonavane
Murbad, Kalyan: Shubham Isame
**TELANGANA:**
Hyderabad: Binita Ghosh
**UTTAR PRADESH:**
Kanpur: Bareera Javed
Moradabad: Kiran Yadav
**WEST BENGAL:**
GHS, Kolkata: Aishik Banerjee, Aranyak Sarma
Kolkata: Batul Pipewala
Deepthy Maria
Kaithyaini
Sravani
---
### Author:  [@drishtantmkawale](https://metastudio.org/u/drishtantmkawale)
#### Post date: [November 22, 2020, 8:18pm UTC](https://metastudio.org/t/s3e14-cube-chatshaala-exploring-new-ways-of-learning/5243/3 "2020-11-22T20:18:16Z")
**CUBE ChatShaala: 22nd Nov 2020**
The discussion was juggling between two models; Zebrafish and Earthworms alike as both were connected under the common field of **immunology.**
CUBist Ishita (from Jorhat, Assam) is interested in working on Zebrafish as her model organism to address questions on Immunology.
The introductory question was that **how will immunology be studied on zebrafish?**
But before that, how do we maintain them?
**The discussions in the CUBE ChatShaala of Nov 3rd week has highlighted the importance of maintaining model organisms properly without leaving updates!**
Do zebrafish alongwith other models have an immune system?
If not, then how will they **fight** with a disease-causing pathogen(s)/infectious agent(s)?
In human blood, what type of cells are present and which are the **immune cells?**
**The above slide is self-explanatory!**
**This was discussed with respect to earthworms a month ago and now w.r.t. zebrafish–**
_How will we go about visualising the immune cells namely **Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils?** _ If we mean to study them!
Staining! The **Wright-Giemsa stain** is generally used to stain the blood cells in laboratories.
**If we go about measuring the size of these cells, how small/big are they for the naked eyes?**
How are the cells getting stained and appearing to be coloured when visualised?
What exactly is getting stained?
The **Wright-Giemsa stain is a mixture of acidic, basic as well as neutral stains (Eosin, methylene blue, azure B respectively)** that stain the components of the cytoplasm of these cells.
We confirmed the **presence of immune system/cells** through references!
In _ **Earthworm:** _
i) ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Front. Immunol., 18 June 2019 | [https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01277](https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01277)
Developmental and Immune Role of a Novel Multiple Cysteine Cluster TLR From Eisenia andrei Earthworms
Petra Prochazkova
In _ **Fruitflies:** _
Drosophila Hemopoiesis and Cellular Immunity
Michael J. Williams
J Immunol April 15, 2007, 178 (8) [https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.4711](https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.4711)
**Abstract**
In Drosophila melanogaster larvae, three classes of circulating cellular immune surveillance cells (hemocytes) can be identified: plasmatocytes, crystal cells, and lamellocytes. Plasmatocytes are professional phagocytes most similar to the mammalian monocyte/macrophage
References gathered by: @Arunan
**Both**
In earthworms, three types of PRRs have been described so far—Toll-like receptor EaTLR, coelomic cytolytic protein CCF, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein EaLBI/BPI (2–4). TLRs are conserved membrane pattern recognition receptors that detect microbes on the basis of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (5). The first member of this family, named Toll, was originally identified as a molecule responsible for the embryonic dorsoventral development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (6),[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01277/full](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01277/full)
When asked **how will we study immune cells in zebrafish,** Ishita said, we can study them via **embryo(s) of zebrafish.**
**“As early as one day after fertilization (dpf), zebrafish embryos display phagocytic activity towards microbial infections [12] and are able to mount an innate immune response with a transcriptional signature that resembles responses in mammalian or cell culture systems [13].Jul 1, 2012”**
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3395205](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3395205)
Reference gathered by @Arunan
How can we study immune cells in zebrafish embryo? Will the embryo have all the immune cells that are to be studied?
Oh! **Which type of immune cells are we aiming at? BCells? TCells?**
Won’t it be easier if we study them in zebrafish itself? I mean, if we look at the availability and approachability, zebrafish will be easily available. On the contrary, **the embryo may require microscopy to work upon!**
A quirky question from my side; **what is the cell-stage of the embryo? and will the embryo get stained too!?**
For a short while, we discussed the difference between innate immunity and acquired immunity. We heard that, **"innate immunity provides a quick response to eliminate the antigen** whereas **acquired immunity may take time to act and generate an immune response."**
How do we define an antigen?
_Does this mean that in case of innate immunity, our body is already prepared for eliminating the antigen **as like a preloaded gun ready to fire!!?** _
This is a context to understand **how our body interacts/may interact with SARS-CoV2 and other such viruses?**
Is there a need for a vaccine for COVID19 when we discuss **improving immunity among masses; herd immunity?**
Let us educate/re-educate ourselves by discussing such exciting things!
[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/covid-19-antibodies-vaccine-immunity-7059530/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/covid-19-antibodies-vaccine-immunity-7059530/)
How difficult/easy is it to find earthworms in our neighbourhood?
**Aren’t they regular customers of the soil?**
The answer to the first question (when talking about any model organism/animal) lies in their **natural habitat!**
If we talk of earthworm cup cultures, how do we come to know that the earthworms are healthy and living happily?
We often see body-coloured (earthworm’s body) materials; faeces in the cup cultures. _If they are feeding, they would be excreting as well._
**How about applying the same logic in finding earthworms in the soil?**
If we look below moist/recently watered plant pots in a garden/lawn/open area, there are chances that earthworms can be found there. And looking for earthworm faeces will show the presence of them in that area.
**Earthworm cup cultures are a context for us to study Biochemistry!**
How is tissue paper acting as a nutrient source for the earthworms?
Let me tell you, _the word **nutrient** is a misnomer in many ways unless defined in each case!_
Tissue paper is the major source of carbohydrate in the form of **Cellulose (a polysaccharide).**
How/why do we call cellulose a polysaccharide?
If we go by the hierarchy; Monosaccharides–\>Disaccharides–\>Oligosaccharides–\>Polysaccharides are what we get.
Defining each of them with the help of examples will do good!
**“Cellulose consists of long chains of d-glucose units linked by β (1 → 4) glycosidic bonds (shaded), with alternating units rotated 180° with respect to their neighbor. This means that the repeating unit is cellobiose, not glucose; also, the polymer forms a straight chain.”**
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/cellulose](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/cellulose)
This means **cellulose is broken down/hydrolysed by enzymes** (which? I know it😏) to give **monosaccharides** that are processed further to **aid energy in the form of ATP!** And what else? Just energy?
**Let’s find out!**
All the slides of the whiteboard are self-explanatory😅!