Hibiscus flower,CUBE Homelab Cherukkad Kozhikode.
Photo :Theertha
[07/03, 9:10 am] Theertha: Hibiscus 
Bloomed Flower
Place: Cherukkad, Kozhikode
Date:7/03/2025
Time:8.30am
Photo: Theertha
[07/03, 9:11 am] Theertha: Hibiscus
Flower about to bloom.
Place: Cherukkad, Kozhikode
Date:7/03/2025
Time:8.30am
Photo: Theertha
[07/03, 9:11 am] Theertha: In the phase of falling down?
Place: Cherukkad, Kozhikode
Date:7/03/2025
Time:8.30am
Photo: Theertha
[07/03, 9:13 am] Theertha: Photo of flower bud and it’s vertical section:Hibiscus
Place: Cherukkad, Kozhikode
Date:7/03/2025
Time:8.40am
Photo: Theertha
[07/03, 9:15 am] Theertha: Found a fallen fruit with immature seeds in it :Hibiscus
Place: Cherukkad, Kozhikode
Date:7/03/2025
Time:9am
Photo: Theertha
Fruit ?development was observed on the same flower tagged above.
Place :Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:9/03/2025
Time:10.13am
Photo: Theertha
Based on the preliminary observations I made at home, about 3 flowers shows the fruit formation and immature falling of fruits.Why is Hibiscus afraid of genetic variations?
@Akanksha CUBE @Nidhidevdas CUBE and others.
Fruit of Hibiscus
Left side:Fruit
Right side: vertical sections were made.Its looks immature seeds to me,what do you say @Chithra Ma’am and others
Place:Cherukkad Kozhikode
Time:11am
Photo: Theertha
[09/03, 8:33 pm] Theertha: Objective: To differentiate between seeds and ovules present in the fruit.
Hypothesis: A will have seeds, and B will have ovules.
Control (A): A flower from the Hibiscus plant.
Test (B): I removed the developing anther from the flower and covered it with a transparent plastic cover.
Place:Cherukkad Kozhikode
Time:4.30pm
Photo: Theertha
[09/03, 8:34 pm] Theertha: Objective: To differentiate between seeds and ovules present in the fruit.
Hypothesis: A will have seeds, and B will have ovules.
Control (A): A flower from the Hibiscus plant.
Test (B): I removed the developing anther from the flower and covered it with a transparent plastic cover.
Place:Cherukkad Kozhikode
Time:4.30pm
Photo: Theertha
[09/03, 9:03 pm] Chithra Ma’am: Why aren’t the immature seeds developing into mature seeds?
[10/03, 11:17 am] Theertha: Premature abortion!?
In stenospermocarpy, pollination and fertilization typically occur; however, the seed growth is prematurely aborted due to the cessation of seed coat and endosperm development, resulting in expanded fruit size with seminal rudiments or seed traces .
[10/03, 11:18 am] Theertha: Two possibilities
-
Premature abortion of seeds:
In stenospermocarpy, pollination and fertilization typically occur; however, the seed growth is prematurely aborted due to the cessation of seed coat and endosperm development, resulting in expanded fruit size with seminal rudiments or seed traces. -
production of seedless fruit:
In parthenocarpy, true seedlessness occurs, and the ovary develops into fruit independent of pollination and fertilization.
Seedlessness Trait and Genome Editing—A Review - PMC
[10/03, 12:53 pm] Theertha: Updates :
Objective: To differentiate between seeds and ovules present in the fruit.
Test: Immature anthers are removed (to prevent selfpollination)and the flower is covered to prevent crosspollination.
Hypothesis: No fertilization will result in no fruit and no seeds.
Place:Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:10/03/2025
Time:11am
Photo:Theertha
[10/03, 12:54 pm] Theertha: Updates :
Objective: To differentiate between seeds and ovules present in the fruit.
Control: The flower bud is left as such, the flower bloomed today.
Place:Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:10/03/2025
Time:11am
Photo:Theertha
[11/03, 9:12 am] Theertha: Updates :
Objective: To differentiate between seeds and ovules present in the fruit.
Control: The flower bud is left as such.Observation: the flower is about to drop .
Place:Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:11/03/2025
Time:9.08am
Photo:Theertha
[11/03, 9:14 am] Theertha: Updates :
Objective: To differentiate between seeds and ovules present in the fruit.
Test: Immature anthers are removed (to prevent selfpollination)and the flower is covered to prevent crosspollination.
Hypothesis: No fertilization will result in no fruit and no seeds.
Place:Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:11/03/2025
Time:9.09am
Photo:Theertha
[12/03, 9:57 am] Theertha: Updates :
Objective: To differentiate between seeds and ovules present in the fruit.
Control: The flower bud is left as such.
Today I collected the fallen floral parts.
Place:Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:12/03/2025
Time:8.30am
Photo:Theertha
[12/03, 9:59 am] Theertha: Updates :
Objective: To differentiate between seeds and ovules present in the fruit.
Test: Immature anthers are removed (to prevent selfpollination)and the flower is covered to prevent crosspollination.
Hypothesis: No fertilization will result in no fruit and no seeds.
Place:Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:12/03/2025
Time:8.39am
Photo:Theertha
[12/03, 10:02 am] Theertha: Comparison of control and test fruits of Hibiscus.
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:12/03/2024
Time:9.30am
Photo: Theertha
[12/03, 10:03 am] Theertha: Comparison of control and test fruits of Hibiscus.
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:12/03/2024
Time:9.30am
Photo: Theertha
[12/03, 10:03 am] Theertha: Comparison of control and test fruits of Hibiscus.
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:12/03/2024
Time:9.40am
Photo: Theertha
[12/03, 10:05 am] Theertha: Hibiscus:Fruit
1)Control setup
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:12/03/2024
Time:9.30am
Photo: Theertha
[12/03, 10:06 am] Theertha: Hibiscus:Fruit
1)test setup
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:12/03/2024
Time:9.30am
Photo: Theertha
[12/03, 10:23 am] Arunan sir 
: What is your objective? @Theertha
What is the expectation? @Theertha
What is the actual finding, till today? @Theertha
[12/03, 4:24 pm] Theertha: Objective: To differentiate between seeds and ovules present in the fruit.
Hypothesis: A (control: flower in natural condition) will have seeds (fertilized ovules) and B (test: anthers removed and covered) will have ovules (unfertilized ovules).
Observation: Both A and B appear similar in morphology, except for their colors.
Fruit formation occurred.!?
Both fell from the stalk of the flower.
Interpretation: The vertical crosssection of A and B looks similar, indicating the presence of unfertilized ovules!? @Arunan sir @Chithra Ma’am and others.
[12/03, 4:25 pm] Theertha: But what if fertilization occurs but embryo maturation is stopped?
That may also look similar to this!?@Chithra Ma’am
@Arunan sir
and others
Fig. 2. Ovule growth and embryo development after pollination of H. sinosyriacus (
) crossed with H. syriacus (
) under greenhouse conditions. DAP:Day after fertilization Embryo development of woody and perennial Hibiscus species - ScienceDirect
[12/03, 4:27 pm] Theertha: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a southeast Asian native plant, grown by Indian as an ornamental plant. In rare conditions, it reproduces by fruit. On search of several years, we found fruit breeding Hibiscus plants in Krishna delta of Andhra Pradesh, India.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375496880_Fruit_breeding_by_Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis_An_inherited_phenomenon
[22/03, 9:09 am] Theertha: When does the anther mature in Hibiscus?
Immature pollen grains were observed in Hibiscus number 1
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:22/03/2024
Time9am
Photo:Theertha
[22/03, 9:10 am] Theertha: When does the anther mature in Hibiscus?
Immature pollen grains were observed in Hibiscus number 2
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:22/03/2024
Time9am
Photo:Theertha
[22/03, 9:10 am] Theertha: When does the anther mature in Hibiscus?
Immature pollen grains were observed in Hibiscus number 3
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:22/03/2024
Time9am
Photo:Theertha
[22/03, 9:49 am] Chithra Ma’am: How did you determine that the pollen grains are immature?
[23/03, 9:23 am] Theertha: Anther dehiscence was not observed at the time the photo was taken so I mentioned it as an immature anther/immature pollen.
Anther dehiscence is an important process in mature stamens. In this process, lignin accumulation in the endothecium of anthers enables secondary wall thickening. Subsequently, septum and stomium lysis completes dehiscence.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41382-z#:~:text=Introduction,%2C13%2C14%2C15.
[23/03, 9:25 am] Theertha: Hibiscus number 1
Anther dehiscence was observed .
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:22/03/2024
Photo:Theertha
[23/03, 9:26 am] Theertha: Hibiscus number 2
Anther dehiscence was observed .
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:22/03/2024
Photo:Theertha
[23/03, 9:26 am] Theertha: Hibiscus number 3
Anther dehiscence was observed .
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:22/03/2024
Photo:Theertha
[23/03, 9:28 am] Theertha: Hibiscus number 1, today
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:23/03/2024
Time:8.53am
Photo:Theertha
[23/03, 9:28 am] Theertha: Hibiscus number 3, today
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Date:23/03/2024
Time:8.53am
Photo:Theertha
[24/03, 8:04 am] Theertha: Research Question: Why is there no seed in Hibiscus?
Hypothesis: The lack of seed formation in Hibiscus is due to lack of pollination.
Proposed Reason: The carpel(female part)and stamen (male part)mature at different times.
Anther dehiscence remains for a short period ~5 hours🤔,also no cross pollination is occurring!?.
Photo:Theertha,CUBE Homelab Cherukkad Kozhikode.
[24/03, 8:05 am] Theertha: Day 1
Time: 8:54 AM
In picture,
Stigma present:5 hairy spot which are red in color.
Indehiscent anther (Pollen grains did not come out)
Date:24/03/2025
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Photo: Theertha
[24/03, 8:06 am] Theertha: Time: 11:13 AM
5 Stigma present.
Indehiscent anther.
Date:24/03/2025
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Photo: Theertha
[24/03, 8:07 am] Theertha: Time: 1:34 PM
5Stigma present.
Some anthers dehisce and pollen grains are released(~ 20/60)
Date:24/03/2025
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Photo: Theertha
[24/03, 8:08 am] Theertha: Time: 4:45 PM
Stigma present
More anthers dehisce and pollen grains are released (~40/60)
Date:24/03/2025
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Photo: Theertha
[24/03, 8:09 am] Theertha: Time: 6:40 PM
Celebration of goofups
Due to raindrops, it was not able to count.
Date:24/03/2025
Place: Cherukkad Kozhikode
Photo: Theertha
