Preparation for Exams: Chatshaala discussions

[Theertha (Theertha M.D.)]

1)Angiosperm Morphology and Plant Systematics - Amrita, SN College

Amrita, a third-year B.Sc. Botany student from SN College, Alathur, and we discussed the Poaceae family (previously known as Gramineae)examples like rice and bamboo. We also discussed gymnosperms (e.g. Cycas, Pinus) which lack fruit, and angiosperms, which are seed-bearing plants with seeds enclosed in fruit. We also discussed about the classification systems of Linnaeus and Bentham & Hooke in botany.

2)Medical Chemistry - Enas, AND College, Delhi

We discussed the effects of drugs like morphine on the human body. We also came across the extraction of morphine and salicylic acid from the opium poppy and willow tree respectively .later , we discussed how ectopic expression leads to decreased resistance against herbivores in Zea mays and the analysis of seed production in hibiscus.

Ideas Raised:

Karyotyping of the ovary , chromosome analysis in Hibiscus

3)Plant Systematics - Sneha, NES Ratanm College

Sneha, who is currently interested in working on Chlorohydra, and we discussed different organisms and categorized them based on similarities.

[Theertha (Theertha M.D.)]

summary written by @Enas

@Seethalakhmi has exam of InOrganic Chemistry. What are Organometallic compound? What gives Blood of Humans red colour and not blood of Fruitfly? What is Heme? Is it Iron only or does it contains other molecule like porphyrin? Which oxidation state of Fe gives red colour to RBC and Rust? Which organometallic compound present in Chlorophyll? @Chithra Mam @Arunan Sir @Kiran CUBE @Seethalakhmi @Sakshi @Sneha

What are somatic cell? Gametic cell? Diploidy? What is the difference between plant cell and animal cell? How can we remove cell wall from Plant cell? What will happen to Plant cell if cell wall is removed? Why do they gains spherical structure? @~Sneha @Seethalakhmi @Chithra Mam

followup discussions:

[8:50 am, 26/11/2024] Himanshu Joshi: Organometallic compounds are chemical compounds containing at least one bond between a
metallic element and a carbon atom belonging to an organic molecule. Even metalloid elements
such as silicon, tin, and boron are known to form organometallic compounds.
Examples of organometallic compounds include:
● Grignard reagent (RMgX)
● Gilman reagent (R2CuLi)
● Dimethylmagnesium (Me2Mg)
● Triethylborane (Et3B)
● Ferrocene
Organometallic compounds play a crucial role in various fields, including catalysis, medicine,
and materials science.
Blood Color and Heme
The red color of human blood is due to the presence of a protein called hemoglobin, which
contains a molecule called heme. Heme is an iron-containing porphyrin complex.
Porphyrin is a molecule consisting of four pyrrole rings connected by methene bridges. Iron (Fe)
is located at the center of the porphyrin ring, coordinating with four nitrogen atoms.
The oxidation state of iron in heme determines the color of blood:
● Ferrous (Fe2+) state: Gives the red color to RBCs
● Ferric (Fe3+) state: Gives the brown color to rust
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll, the green pigment found in plants, is also an organometallic compound. It contains
a magnesium (Mg) atom at the center of a porphyrin ring.
Krayonnz : Social Learning Network
nometallics
[10:12 am, 26/11/2024] Arunan Sir: The same porphyrin rings for Hemoglobin and Chlorophyll except magnesium in one and iron in the other? @Himanshu Joshi @Seethalakhmi @Enas @Theertha

reference shared:

[9:04 pm, 25/11/2024] Chithra : https://images.app.goo.gl/WmyjxWi5VBeZiR6q7
[9:07 pm, 25/11/2024] Chithra : https://www.microbehunter.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2009/onion1.jpg
[9:31 pm, 25/11/2024] Enas: Hemocyanins are copper-containing respiratory pigments found in many mollusks (some bivalves, many gastropods, and cephalopods) and arthropods (many crustaceans, some arachnids, and the horseshoe crab, Limulus).
[9:32 pm, 25/11/2024] Enas: The blood of earthworm is red due to the presence of hemoglobin dissolved in the plasma. The hemoglobin is not associated with blood cells but is dissolved in the liquid portion of the blood called plasma. Hemoglobin is a red colored oxygen-carrying pigment.
https://www.toppr.com › … › Biology
Blood of earthworm is red because its haemoglobin is
[9:32 pm, 25/11/2024] Enas: “Drosophila has a primitive yet effective blood system with three types of haemocytes which function throughout different developmental stages and environmental stimuli. Haemocytes play essential roles in tissue modeling during embryogenesis and morphogenesis, and also in innate immunity. The open circulatory system of Drosophila makes haemocytes ideal signal mediators to cells and tissues in response to events such as infection and wounding.”
Drosophila as a model to study the role of blood cells in inflammation, innate immunity and cancer - PMC.
[9:32 pm, 25/11/2024] Enas: “Dr. Lolitika Mandal, Nidhi Sharma Dey and Parvathy Ramesh have discovered the hematopoietic stem cells in Drosophila (fruit flies). — Photo: Special Arrangement
For the first time, researchers have discovered hematopoietic stem cells in Drosophila (fruit flies), thus providing an invertebrate model to study hematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells are the stem cells that give rise to all the other blood cells.”
Discovery of special stem cells in fruit flies to help study diseases - The Hindu.
[9:33 pm, 25/11/2024] Enas: Plant cellhttps://www.geeksforgeeks.org/overview-of-plant-cells/
[9:33 pm, 25/11/2024] Enas: https://images.app.goo.gl/WmyjxWi5VBeZiR6q7
[9:33 pm, 25/11/2024] Enas: References shared in Todays ChatShaala

[Theertha (Theertha M.D.)]

summary written by @Enas_188

In medical microbiology paper, we to study about Tuberculosis. How it’s caused?
In Chatshaala We disscussed about how a person gets TB, Corona, Influenza, common cold. How do they differ? Do we see any changes in the people after COVID-19. Do people take precautions when they cough or sneezes? How can we verify or falsify that people are now more aware to take care of others and themselves? @Arunan Sir @Seethalakhmi @Theertha

In medical microbiology paper, we to study about Tuberculosis. How it’s caused?
In Chatshaala We disscussed about how a person gets TB, Corona, Influenza, common cold. How do they differ? Do we see any changes in the people after COVID-19. Do people take precautions when they cough or sneezes? How can we verify or falsify that people are now more aware to take care of others and themselves? @Arunan Sir @Seethalakhmi @Theertha

[9:30 pm, 15/12/2024] Enas: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that most often affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when people with TB cough, sneeze or spit. Tuberculosis is preventable and curable. About a quarter of the global population is estimated to have been infected with TB bacteria. Tuberculosis
[9:30 pm, 15/12/2024] Enas: The common cold is an illness affecting your nose and throat. Most often, it’s harmless, but it might not feel that way. Germs called viruses cause a common cold. Often, adults may have two or three colds each year. Common cold - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic.
[9:31 pm, 15/12/2024] Enas: A population is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about. A sample is the specific group that you will collect data from. The size of the sample is always less than the total size of the population.14 May 2020 https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/population-vs-sample/#:~:text=A%20population%20is%20the%20entire,total%20size%20of%20the%20population.

[Theertha (Theertha M.D.)]

summary written by @Enas_188

What is Food poisoning? How Staphylococcal food poisoning happens? What are its symptoms? How to diagnose it?

Then we disscussed about @Sakshi microbial culture. Sakshi made a culture of fungus from onion on to boiled potato slice. The discussion also leads to understand the basics of fungus, what is mycelium, hyphae, spore germination. @Theertha @Arunan Sir @Seethalakhmi @Chithra Mam @Sakshi

What is this white color growth representing in the photo after 24 hr and what is this black things and white surrounding after 48 hour? @Sakshi @Theertha

How can presence antibiotic produced by this onion fungus detected at Homelab? @Theertha @Arunan Sir @Sakshi

[2:43 pm, 14/12/2024] Enas: Penicillin was actually discovered by French medical student Ernest Duchesne. Alexander Fleming has rediscovered the Penicillin.
[2:46 pm, 14/12/2024] Enas: Is it something similar to what Rosalind Franklin did. and Most people just know about Watson and Crick ?