We all have learned from our textbook is that Neurons don’t have centrioles…
There was an interesting discussion went on… Hitesh said Neurons can divide but on certain situations…
Somebody said that Neurons can’t divide…
So there were some points which we listed down addressed by Cubists during the discussion and tried to prove that why Neurons won’t divide.
Why Adult/Matured Neurons don’t divide?. 1. Neurons don’t have any centrioles as during division centrioles formation is crucial
2. Rest in G0 Phase of cell division
3. Neuronal cells are terminally differentiated
Yes these are the big terms so let’s discuss again and try to understand as we did in the Cube chatShaala
4. Neural stem cells
The conclusion is that whether Neuronal cells can divide or not.
Pre-existing Neuronal cell can’t divide above listed three points could be the reason…
But the fourth point says that the Neural stem cells has the ability to divide and this can be proved in the Model system : Earthworm
When a cut is made in between the body of Earthworm the Anterior part Which carries Clitellum would regenerate… Let’s discuss this in details.
Another point the came out is that Neuronal cell could convert in to Pluripotent cell as per the references shared by Dr. Arunan.
YAMANAKA was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize along with Sir John Gurdon "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent
What could be the possibility that Cells could be convert in to Pluripotent is by activating some genes related to that…
So how genes get activate so Moina model system was introduced in order to discussed that how other three genes of Haemoglobin get activating at lower oxygen level hence results in Red coloured Moina.
References shared during the Discussion
The vertebrate olfactory system has become an important model for the study of neural regeneration. The most remarkable feature of this system is its unique capacity for neurogenesis and replacement of degenerating receptor neurons. This replacement is made possible by a persistent neurogenesis among basal cells.Regeneration of olfactory receptor cells - PubMed
The most remarkable feature of this system is its unique capacity for neurogenesis and replacement of degenerating receptor neurons. This replacement is made possible by a persistent neurogenesis among basal cells.Regeneration of olfactory receptor cells - PubMed
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells that firstly generate the radial glial progenitor cells that generate the neurons and glia of the nervous system of all animals during embryonic development. https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=neuronal+stem+cells
In fact, this process is not a true “regeneration” like that observed in limb or heart regeneration in newts [10]. The liver does not recover the original lobular structure; rather, the remnant tissue simply increases in size (Figure 1A). Although the term, “compensatory hyperplasia” more accurately describes this phenomenon, we use “liver regeneration” in this review, as it has been used widely. https://celldiv.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1747-1028-8-8
…regeneration after surgical resection of a portion of the liver (partial hepatectomy, PHx) does not require such stem/progenitor cells; the remnant tissue undergoes hyperplasia to recover the original liver mass within about two weeks in rodents (Figure 1A and 1B) [6–9]. https://celldiv.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1747-1028-8-8
The vertebrate olfactory system has become an important model for the study of neural regeneration. The most remarkable feature of this system is its unique capacity for neurogenesis and replacement of degenerating receptor neurons. This replacement is made possible by a persistent neurogenesis among basal cells.Regeneration of olfactory receptor cells - PubMed
Stages of zebrafish caudal fin regeneration as longitudinal sections.
(top) The dotted line demarcates the amputation plane. The wound is closed by migrating epithelial cells to form a wound epidermis within the first 12 hours postamputation (hpa). Over the next 12 hours, the wound epidermis thickens as cells near the amputation disorganize and migrate toward the amputation plane. By 24–48 hpa, a blastema has formed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27030/figure/stemcellsinanimalmodels.F2/
During terminal differentiation, a precursor cell formerly capable of cell division, permanently leaves the cell cycle, dismantles the cell cycle machinery and often expresses a range of genes characteristic of the cell’s final function (e.g. myosin and actin for a muscle cell). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27030/figure/stemcellsinanimalmodels.F2/
Neurogenesis is known to occur in the adult brain, particularly in the olfactory epithelium and bulb, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and the striatum. Through the process of neurogenesis, neurons in these regions of the brain can be replenished. Much has been learned about the signaling pathways and mechanisms underlying the process of neurogenesis, but many questions remain.https://www.nature.com/scitable/popular-discussion/2503/
YAMANAKA was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize along with Sir John Gurdon "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_pluripotent_stem_cell
Neurogenesis is known to occur in the adult brain, particularly in the olfactory epithelium and bulb, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and the striatum. Through the process of neurogenesis, neurons in these regions of the brain can be replenished.https://www.nature.com/scitable/popular-discussion/2503/
four specific genes (named Myc, Oct3/4, Sox2 and Klf4) encoding transcription factors could convert somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells.[1] Induced pluripotent stem cell - Wikipedia
most remarkable feature of this system is its unique capacity for neurogenesis and replacement of degenerating receptor neurons. This replacement is made possible by a persistent neurogenesis among basal cells. Regeneration of olfactory receptor cells - PubMed
Mango-Mapping Project Screenshot shows the data that is collected by the Cubists and registered on KoboToolBox… Total 800 Entries have been done till now. But can we make some Hypothesis by Analysing the data.
Another MAP which shows the collective data(Presentable way) on Mango-Mapping study, the data shared by the Cubists from different parts of the Country.
