Sleep Studies in Dogs. How to do we know Dog is asleep?

The criteria taken by cubists of sleep in dogs is closing of eyes. But there are alot of factors, such as dogs may be having closed eyes but their tails may be waging. So how do we decide are they sleeping?

It was discussed alertness is better criterion than opening or closing of eyes. But how do we measure alertness, as when dogs are asleep they wont wake up on disturbance but sometimes they look asleep but when they are disturbed they wake up. So how do we decide if they are sleep?

Rahul pointed that there are tone generator, which will generate sound at a given hertz which can be used to know at what hertz dogs dont wake up even with tone sound exposure. This can be a way to say, if the dog is sleeping.