Rahul :Some results from my own experiments suggesting that drosophila has sexual dimorphism in their sleep patterns. Many cubists have been studying the activity patterns in drosophila. Can someone see some connection between the two? @Arunan sir , @Theertha, @Abhijeet CUBE
[07/06, 7:58 am] Theertha: Continuation of 2017 Nobel prize work with different dimensions!? 
This i never thought about (TINTA moment): male and female having two different sleep cycle!
As per the observations:
From midnight, from 1 am to 10 am, males have a higher sleep duration than females. From 10 am to 12 pm, both genders are less sleep duration. From 2 pm to 12 am, females show a higher sleep duration.
It seems they might be taking short naps between 5 pm , 10 pm and 12 am to 1am instead of having continuous 5-6 hours of sleep.They don’t have 6hr continues sleep ? @Rahul CUBE @Abhijeet CUBE @Batul Ma’am @Aastha @Himanshu Joshi & others .
[07/06, 8:01 am] Rahul CUBE: Sorry, I forgot to clarify one thing regarding the X-axis here. It is not the time of the clock but the zeitegeber duration (light/dark). So, 0 on the X-axis is 9am and 12 on the X-axis is 9pm.
[07/06, 8:01 am] Rahul CUBE: Sorry, I forgot to clarify one thing regarding the X-axis here. It is not the time of the clock but the zeitegeber duration (light/dark). So, 0 on the X-axis is 9am and 12 on the X-axis is 9pm
[07/06, 8:01 am] Rahul CUBE: Now, Can you summarise your interpretation accordingly?
[07/06, 8:03 am] Rahul CUBE: A Zeitgeber (pronounced “tsite-gay-ber”) is a German term that translates to “time giver” or “synchronizer.” In the context of biology and chronobiology, a zeitgeber is an external cue that helps to synchronize an organism’s internal biological clock to the Earth’s 24-hour light-dark cycle and other periodic environmental changes. These cues are crucial for maintaining circadian rhythms, which are roughly 24-hour cycles in the physiological processes of living organisms.
Common Zeitgebers:
Light:
Primary Zeitgeber: Light is the most potent and well-studied zeitgeber. The presence or absence of light helps regulate sleep-wake cycles and other circadian rhythms.
Mechanism: Light influences the production of melatonin in the pineal gland. Exposure to light, especially blue light, reduces melatonin production, promoting wakefulness. Darkness increases melatonin production, promoting sleep.
Temperature:
Fluctuations in ambient temperature can also act as zeitgebers. For example, lower temperatures at night can help signal to the body that it is time to sleep.
Some information regarding it @Theertha
@Aswathi’s Observations: Three day observation shows that maximum number of fruitflies observed mainly at 12pmto 2PM and 6pm to 10PM.
Less number of flies observed from12am to 6 am.
[07/06, 8:05 am] Rahul CUBE: This is brilliant! Can you summarise both of these graphs? Is there any similarity/differences?? Since you are also interested in Circadian rhythms, use this platform to prepare! @Theertha !
[07/06, 8:11 am] Himanshu Joshi: How do you define bouts of sleep?
Any other example model system which follow this pattern that you have observed?
@Theertha.
[07/06, 10:15 am] Theertha: My understanding is that, from 9 am to 9 pm, males have a higher sleep duration than females. And , from 9 pm to 8 am, females have a higher sleep duration. This means that both males and females have different sleep durations that are exactly opposite to each other.
Can we say that females will be more active in day and males will be more active in night.@Rahul CUBE @Himanshu Joshi
- In night Females shows a higher sleep duration than males:
From 11 pm to 8 am, females’ sleep duration ranges above 40 minutes, whereas males show a majority of below 40 minutes.
2)From 7 pm to 9 pm, both males and females showed a sleep duration of less than 20 minutes, indicating a short nap ?
3)From 3 pm to 7 pm and from 9 pm to 11 pm, both genders showed a sleep duration of less than 40 minutes.
- From 11 am to 7 am, males show a higher sleep duration than females.
From 9 am to 3 pm, both showed a majority of sleep durations below 40 minutes, except males showed above 40 minutes between 1 pm and 3 pm. @Batul Ma’am @Aastha @Kashyap Sapekhati @Smiti & others .
[07/06, 10:17 am] Theertha: Regulation of sleep: sex-invariant behavior regulated via sex-specific mechanisms:
Recent studies have begun to illuminate sex-specific modulatory mechanisms that alter the amount of sleep in both males and females (Figure 2). Well-characterized genetic and neuronal sleep mechanisms make Drosophila sleep a powerful model system for understanding the origins of this quantitative sexual dimorphism in behavior.
males [64–66], likely to meet demands of feeding and oviposition [66]. This may account for the longstanding observation that females are more active than males during the day .
Frontiers | Sleep in Drosophila and Its Context
[07/06, 10:24 am] Theertha: Similarities:
From @Aswathy’s graph:
There are fewer flies observed at night from 12 am to 6 am. If we compare it with the night part of your graph, flies are showing a sleep duration of 20 to 40 minutes, continuing from 9 pm to 8 am.
The daytime graph for both shows that flies took a short nap.
Difference:
The X-axis represents time, and the Y-axis represents the number of flies.
Your’s includes X axis : time, and Y:sleep duration, also mention the sex.
Summary:
Both graphs show that flies are less active at night. Your graph indicates that sleep can correlate with sex.
[07/06, 10:54 am] Batul Ma’am: TINKE moment! Wow males and females sleep differently in drosophila, need to see references for humans
@Rahul CUBE @Theertha please can u tell me what time does 0 on X axis represent so I can interpret the graph
We have seen flies very active during morning 10am and again in the evening 5pm in homelab Kolkata.
[07/06, 11:00 am] Batul Ma’am: Where is @Lakshmy CUBE these days?Please comment on the circadian rhythm studies showing differences in males and females.@Seema CUBE@~Enas please can you correlate this study with your study of sleep wake cycle in dogs?
[07/06, 11:08 am] Aastha: Time is measured in zeitgeber (or ZT) hours, with ZT0 being the “lights on” onset and ZT12 being the onset of “lights off” on a 12-hour light, 12-hour dark schedule
Phenotyping Circadian Rhythms in Mice - PMC.
Found this
So maybe 0 - 12hr is the time when lights were kept on , 12-24 is the time when lights were kept off
This is my guess I think others who did this experiment would be able to tell it better 
[07/06, 11:09 am] Batul Ma’am: @Rahul CUBE @Theertha
[07/06, 11:12 am] Batul Ma’am: Good.So for us at homelab lights on means daytime 5 or 6am sunrise depending on latitude and 6 or7pm lights off again depending on latitude.If we keep tubelight off after sunset in the room with the flies.
I recall we had done this study in different parts of the country .
[07/06, 11:46 am] Theertha: [07/06, 8:01 am] @Rahul CUBE wrote that ,: I forgot to clarify one thing regarding the X-axis here. It is not the time of the clock but the zeitegeber duration (light/dark). So, 0 on the X-axis is 9am and 12 on the X-axis is 9pm
[07/06, 11:46 am] Theertha: Light represents the most important Zeitgeber. A standardized 24-hour notation of the phase in an entrained circadian cycle in which ZT 0 indicates the beginning of day, or the light phase, and ZT 12 is the beginning of night, or the dark phase.
Which means a 12-hour day and a 12-hour night. If 0 represents 9 am, then after 12 hours it’s 9 pm, which is night. @Batul Ma’am ?
Overview of Circadian Rhythms - PMC.
[07/06, 11:48 am] Batul Ma’am: 9pm would be a couple of hours after lights off
[07/06, 5:26 pm] Rahul CUBE: In our lab we maintain an artificial automated light dark cycle. Light turns on exactly at 9am and turns off at 9pm @Batul Ma’am !
[07/06, 8:09 pm] Batul Ma’am: That means they become active just before lights on and just before lights off.
So in our homelabs where we have compared activity with day and night,the flies should be active just before sunrise and at sunset before dark.
Aswathys graphs show increased activity at sunrise but it continues to show activity post sunset,could it be due to light in the room?
[07/06, 8:27 pm] Rahul CUBE: They are active most of the time. But this graph tells you the pattern of activity and sleep when monitoring individual flies. You’re right they are mostly more active and not sleeping around dusk and dawn. And the general trend is that both males and females spend a higher proportion of time being active during the day and females sleep higher during the night compared to males.
[07/06, 8:30 pm] Rahul CUBE: @Batul Ma’am , @Theertha Another interesting thing to notice is that female flies have a sleep-wake pattern similar to humans. What do you think?
Four Phyllanthus urinaria plants were collected on 27/05/2024.
