Summary of CUBE chatshaala

saswathy679 · August 20, 2021, 6:14pm

CUBE Chatshaala 20.08.2021 White Boards Pictures

What is RER test? Is it possible to make alternatives to perform RER at home?

How can we culture Earthworms easily using simple things at home?

RER Test Experiment : Making a design of experiment how to perform in a simple way that every ones can do it in their home labs!

Which kind of nutrition will get earthworms culturing by newspaper?

What are the components presents in Newspaper?

Cellulose are carbohydrates!

What is the difference between starch & cellulose?

Beta Glucose & Alpha Glucose Differences?

Summary given by @Abhi0703

Summary of 519th day of Cube Chatshaala
We started the discussion with what I(Abhijeet) have plan for the Chai and Why? Programme.
So I’ve worked on Model Organisms like Mosquito, Earthworm, and Snails when I was active in cube in my secondary school (7th to 9th std)
So today we discussed about Earthworm.

How can we culture and maintain Earthworms in our Homelab?
So culturing earthworms at home would be very easy! We don’t need high-tech laboratory stuff. We just need a plastic cup, paper, earthworm and waste cloth

Take cup and pinch holes at bottom with the help of a pin.
Make pieces of paper, and fill 1/3rd of the cup.
Make that paper inside cup moist with water
Put earthworm inside cup.
Cover the cup with cloth and rubber band.
keep the cup(s) inside a tray with newspaper wetted with enough water .
What’s special in Earthworms?
Humans have Spinal cord which helps in making co-ordination between different body parts in each activity that we do throughout. If due to some reason the spinal cord is injured we get paralyzed and the co-ordination is lost.

Earthworms have Ventral Nerve Cord(VNC) with same function as Spinal cord in humans i.e maintaining coordination in body. But if VNC of earthworms get injured it gets regenerated

So can we study how this regeneration happens in earthworms but not in humans!!!

RAPID ESCAPE RESPONSE TEST (RER) was designed to see how in how much time this regeneration of VNC occurs and also for selecting earthworms with good co-ordination in their body.

How is RER test performed!?

Make salt solution of a particular concentration.
put some 2-5 ml of that in test-tube(experiment)
3)take another test-tube fill with 2-5ml of water(control)
add one earthworm at a time in both and watch their response within the 2 min time
note the observation.
Remove the earthworm from soln and wash is very nicely and keep the back in culture
Expectations:-
The earthworm should immediately response towards the salt solution and escape from it.

Inference:-

As the salt solution is harmful for earthworms they should escape from it showing excellent co-ordination. And earthworm in water(control) would not show any response towards water.
Earthworm which showed the coordination and came out of salt solution can be selected for studying.

After RER test we can use the earthworm that passed the test for studying the time it takes for them to regenerate their VNC.

On the ventral part we give a lesion(enough that we can say that VNC is lesioned).
After giving the lesion perform the RER test to confirm that earth worm’s body co-ordination is lost.
Expectations:- The earthworm should not be able to escape the salt solution.

Continue doing RER test with 2 days interval till the VNC is regenerated and the co-ordination is gained again.

@⁨Aswathy Cube⁩ can you please comment on how can we perform RER in our home labs !

saswathy679 · August 23, 2021, 6:42pm

White Boards

saswathy679 · August 23, 2021, 6:44pm

White Boards

Summary of 520th day of Cube Chatshaala
Discussion started with @batul Ma’am’s nematodes culturing and identification.
Currently batul Ma’am culturing nematodes on potato slices. With that she is trying to identify C.elegans from her nematodes if there’s any in her culture!
Identification:-
So for identification of C.elegans she is using a photo of C.elegans from a research paper(The Pharynx of Caenorhabditis elegans Albertson 1975) and compare the morphological characteristics with the nematodes that she has cultured in her homelab!
Identification so far:-
So far she is able to compare the Anterior part(i.e. pharynx).
After that discussion went on about the speculation and casual observation that we make in our experiments and our interpretation of that! With reference to Aswathy saw Nematodes after 15days in her drosophila TRSV media which has vinegar and Batul Ma’am is not able to culture nematodes with RSV media with has Vinegar.
A very important point that came after discussion is that:-
Speculation, Casual observation is always welcomed!! but it is to be verified with evidence and experimental design with enough replicates and control

This leads us to the Very fundamental idea of CUBE and ofcourse of science is:- CONSTRUCTION AND NOT INSTRUCTION
This knowledge construction can be through 2 types of collaborators:-
1)Involved in Discussion
2)Working on same model organism

Moving forward with Discussion on Circadian Rhythm and understanding it properly. A circadian rhythm or circadian cycle, is a natural, biological process that regulates and repeats roughly every 24 hours. … The term circadian comes from the Latin circa, meaning “around” (or “approximately”), and diēm, meaning “day”.(example:- opening and closing patter of leafs in phyllanthus)
Also Circannual Rhythm. The term circannual is Latin, circa meaning approximately and annual relating to one year.(example mango flowering)

Moving forward with discussing the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM with respect to stomatal opening and closing in plant’s leafs and photosynthesis process(with context to secondary school biology curriculum ) .
AND
CIRCANNUAL RHYTHM with respect to mango Flowering and Fruiting pattern throughout India.

saswathy679 · August 23, 2021, 6:46pm

White Boards👇

saswathy679 · August 23, 2021, 6:47pm

White Boards

saswathy679 · September 1, 2021, 7:27am

White Boards

29/08/2021 Chatshaala summary
[Summary By @Rechel_tirkey From Ranchi]

In yesterday’s chatshala, we started discussing with the microscopic picture which was shared by @Navneel from Kolkata. We were trying to identify that organisms which was looking very similar to Moina and daphnia.

We also discussed classification of fruit fly and moina/daphnia so that we can differentiate between them on the basis of morphological characteristics.

@⁨Batul told the story of identification of moina in CUBE by @kajal.

in Ranchi we were culturing Moina since August 2019 and lost Moina in July 2021. Which was the same well studied Moina macrocopa JSK1 which was brought by Sweta and Manjuel after August, 2019 CUBE national meet from CUBE, HBCSE, MUMBAI.

Discussed about the standard protocol for moina culture , we culture Moina in container containing 250ml dechlorinated water (DC water)and feed them 1 drop of milk everyday . We feed milk drops, so that milk bacteria will grow and moinas will feed on them.

@Soumyadip from Kolkata also told that he was also having crustaceans something like daphnia /Moina when he was culturing Azola .

Then we discussed about the life cycle and life span of Moina. So in order to check the life span we tried to set up an experimental design.

according to the hypothetical experimental design to check life span of Moina, 1st we need to identify the adult gravid Moina that can give birth to baby moinas.

Then we can isolate them in a container with 250ml DC water and feed them 1drop milk everyday day.

When the mother Moina will give birth we will get day1 moina . Then mother Moina will be separated out and we can observe day 1 moina for further observation.

When these moinas will become adult and gravid and produce baby Moina we will keep separating out new baby Moinas and we will keep observing them until they die.

@2020ugchsncnseethala @Rechel_tirkey @manmasih @yash_sheregare @saida786110 @Arunan @KiranKalakotiR

saswathy679 · September 1, 2021, 7:30am

30th August 2021 - CUBE Chatshaala Discussion - White Boards

Discussed about model systems : Fruit Fly, Mosquito, Ants (Insects).

Where can we find Fruit Flies?

How Fruit flies Look Like? Is it easy to distinguish from other insects?

What are the characteristics features that very well visible in fruit flies? Which part of the body well visible like… Wings, Eyes, Abdomen…? What is the actual size of this small flies?

What are similarities & Dissimilarities between Fruit flies and Mosquitoes?

Fruit Flies and Mosquitoes, both of them are belonging to;

Kingdom : Animalia

Phylum : Arthropoda (Because both of them have joined appendages)

Class : Insecta (Body divided in to 3 parts Head, Thorax abdomen. Have 3 pair of legs & 1 pair of antenna, also have compound eyes.)

Order : Diptera
Both have 2 wing (one pair of wing)

Coming in to Family level Fruit Files are belonging to Drosophildae, Mosquitoes are belonging in to Culicidae.

One interesting point added by @Navaneel that insects have fore wing & hind wings. Only Fore wing is Expressed. Hind wing converted in to halteres in the case of Dipterans.

Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- di- “two”, and πτερόν pteron “wing”. Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics. Fly - Wikipedia

Reference given by @Yash👆

But did other insects have halteres first?

Are there examples of insects having just halters…?

It is generally accepted that the halteres evolved from the non-flight wings of insects — the hind-wings of Diptera and the fore wings of Strepsiptera respectively.

saswathy679 · September 6, 2021, 7:11am

White Boards
31st August 2021

Uploading: IMG_20210901_102550.jpg…

Uploading: IMG_20210831_214811.jpg…

Uploading: IMG_20210831_214123.jpg…

saswathy679 · September 27, 2021, 7:47pm

Mock Session - 27th September 2021

SNAILS
Model system based on questions/queries from in the public chatbox.

LEARNING & MEMORY

1.Maybe in the introduction they could ask the audience questions about their views on the intelligence of snails? some pet snails have been observed to even recognise their owners voices, despite snails not having ears…

Short-Term and Long-Term Learning and Memory in Snails
(Achatina fulica) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285280810_Short-Term_and_Long-Term_Learning_and_Memory_in_Snails_Achatina_fulica

Aplysia has only about 20,000 neurons, making it a favorite subject for investigation by neuroscientists.
Reference

2.What is so special about Aplysia?

Reference
Their giant neurons, which are easy to work with and include the largest found in nature (Figure 2A). These neurons are the largest somatic cells in the animal kingdom (only eggs are larger) with beautiful natural orange, yellow, milk, reddish, or even in some species, greenish colorations.

Reference
Aplysia is now a paramount model species for studies of how neurons and neural circuits control behaviors. It is also the best studied mollusc, with ongoing efforts to complete sequencing of its genome.

3.Is coriander the natural food of the snail?

EARTHWORMS
Model system based questions/queries from in the public chatbox.

1.Why to establish a model like earthworm? Why not use some other already established model organisms?

2.What do you mean by regeneration?
Why don’t we put any other item as food for earthworm, why we are using tissue paper for food for earthworm, what is the logic behind this?

3.What is the story behind development of cup culture? How it was developed and why it was developed?

4.Where to find ventral nerve cord in earthworm?

5.Why to go for RER? If you are only checking the normal movements

6.Skin gets irritated? Not clear

7.How you got to know what amount of Nacl is normal for earthworm? How you all standardized the amount?

8.Can’t we use any concentration of Salt that drives the earthworm out of the tube or cup?

9.One teaspoon full in one cup of water or two teaspoon salt in 2ml of water?

10.Can I know, what is the purpose of looking at this kind of response when comparing it with the distilled water and NaCl solution?

11.After few days and week, earthworms culture set up start smells badly. At our school students and parents get scared. Any precautions and solutions, please

12.We use newspapers as we are based in rural area, it’s hard to find tissue paper (tissue paper also cost money and we trying to minimise cost too)

13.We failed many times the culture of earthworms with newspapers ?

14.So what is the difference btw tissue paper and newspaper?? What type of food needed for culturing earthworm?

Reference
Capillary action (sometimes capillarity, capillary motion, capillary effect, or wicking) is the process of a liquid flowing in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity. Capillary action - Wikipedia

15.Earthworm feed on cellulose ?

16.How amputation is done, would you please brief out?

17.After how many days you expect the movement to be normalized?

18.How many days it takes for the amputated head or tail to be restored?

19.Can we get data from them to gatehr more data and better analysis ?

saswathy679 · September 27, 2021, 7:52pm

Yesterday quite many cubist joined from St. Xavier’s College Mumbai…
Discussed about the model system Zebra fish, Moina, Snails

Why are model system important?
Which types of model system we can choose for to study experiments?

Typical characteristics of model organisms include the ability to be easily manipulated, having a short life span, producing a large number of offspring and to having a sequenced genome, in addition to being well understood.

Selecting model system based on what research Question we are addressing …

Ishita from Assam discussed the about the model system Zebra fish how did she maintained Zebra fish in her home lab Assam. What are the simple methods we can use for to culture Zebra fish at Minimum requirements.

Research Question regeneration and immunology study.

How easy to maintain Zebra fish in HomeLabs?
Regeneration is an interesting area like the regeneration of finger nails?
This was the source - https://zhaonline.org/
Zebrafish regenerate an amputated caudal fin to its previous size within 2–3 weeks. The fin is not only restored in both its size and shape, but also in its patterning and tissue organization. https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wdev.367
The key regenerative units are their many rays of dermal bone, which are segmented and lined by osteoblasts.

Cubists collect Zebrafish Eggs How to collect Zebrafish eggs HD - YouTube

Also introducing Moina… Moina is a crustacean these are the live food for fishes. Also in our cube students were taken this Moina for to study hypoxia condition. Low oxygen level moina body turn to red colour.
Any thing to do with what we study as BOD?

Biological Oxygen Demand
Dissolved Oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand connection.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019
William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza “for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability”.

Later Anjani Kumar from Mumbai were explained about Snails

How to culture or How to maintain Snails in home lab.?

He were introducing African snails Lissachatina fulica also based on research questions what are cubist addressing in snail model system.

Learning and memory

Experiment designed by Cubists

Eric Kandel and Aplysia californica: their role in the elucidation of mechanisms of memory and the study of psychotherapyhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2010.00476.x

saswathy679 · September 27, 2021, 7:56pm

Yesterday we were discussed about Seasonomics… Seasonomics collaborators were shared some important ideas about climate changes how will affects other animals and plants…? How can we connected to seasonal changes ?

Sukriti given an idea about aspects of Global warming causing seasonal changes. we can able to see the climate are changing depending on season. Sometimes have heavy rain,sometimes heavy cold , sometimes feels very hot… Why this variation is happening ? What was the reason ?

Sometimes feels like very hot during the summer season climate change is also affecting our biodiversity…
•Changes in distribution • Increased extinction rates • Changes in reproduction timings • Changes in length of growing seasons for plants.

Climate change causes warmer summer temperatures and inconsistent precipitation patterns. These environmental alterations affect the flowering periods of plants globally. As the global temperature increases, plants will flower earlier in the season. Mangoes are one of the most widely cultivated and popular fruits in these regions for its economic and nutritional values. The mango tree grows in tropical climates.

Global warming not only associates with warming but distruption in climatic pattern. ‘Climate Change’.

How can we connected climate changes to seasonal trees flowering & fruiting?

We are collecting data using phone … just clicking a picture of seasonal trees (Mango Trees, Gulmohar Trees, Jack fruit Trees)… posting in to CUBE groups … We are widely taking photos of mango trees …because they are very common in every where and looking flowering,fruiting,sprouting leaves etc.

Importance of methodology of data collection , collaborative process.

Data will be saved here;
︎www.bit.ly/seasonomics
︎Enketo Express for KoboToolbox

Documenting becomes more natural when we post daily updates with photo evidence to Collaborators in the groups.

References _ Given in chatbox
1). Confusedhttps://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming-vs-climate-change/
2). Why Bay of Bengal is hotbed of worst tropical cyclones? As Yaas hits Odisha, here’s all you need to know | The Financial Express
3). Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development - ScienceDirect
4). Climate change devastated dinosaurs not once, but twice - Environment - The Jakarta Post
5). South India - Wikipedia
6). (FBF).Temperature control of shoot growth and floral initiation in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) | CABI Agriculture and Bioscience | Full Text

After we discussed about model system Drosophila melanogaster

Fruitfly collaborators objective is to finding native Drosophila melanogaster from surroundings.

Importance of Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster
6 times Nobel Prizes winning work done in this particular model organism.

Last Nobel Prize in D.melanogaster was 2017 - Circadian rhythm study in molecular level.Jeffrey C hall, Michael Roshbash, Michael V young _ physiology or medicine.

First Nobel prize 1933 - T H Morgan. It was chromosome hereditary study…

In 1946, Muller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - For the discovery that mutations can be induced by X-rays.

1933 - T H Morgan.
Chromosome hereditary study

Example :-
2 Eye coloured Drosophila melanogaster here comparing with one is Red eye & White eye .

How Fruitflies Get Red Eyes…?
What is the reason ? Is it because of colour pigments?
Sarvada sail from goa were mentioned about that Heredity in simple words can be explained as tranfer of characters to Drosophilaa the eye color,body colour,wings …from one generation to another Linkage is the association of genes on same chromosome .

Also we were studied that red colour is dominant over white eyed drosophila So maybe after generations… white eyed can be expressed
skin color pigment = melanin
Gene in DNA produces pigment.
Red eye color is wild-type and is dominant to white eye color. Eye color in Drosophila was one of the first X-linked traits to be identified.

Reference _ Given in Chatbox
1). https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/medicine/
2). Hermann Joseph Muller - Wikipedia
3). https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-laureates-in-physiology-or-medicine/

saswathy679 · September 28, 2021, 6:37pm

Mock Session - Cardamine.
Related Questions From Public Chatbox .

1.Why floral dip? What is floral dip?

2.Why agrobacterium? What is the objective?

3.What is the story of the cotton plant?

4.What is boll and boll worm

5.Which part of plant is infected with agrobacterium

6.Is cry gene present naturally?

7.There is no need of Agrobacterium culture?

Reference

Mock Session - Zebrafish.
Related Questions From Public Chatbox

1.How do you maintain Zebrafish culture?

2.Why do zebrafish cannibalise their own eggs?

3.Maybe remove the further comparision slide between human embryo and zebrafish?

4.The one with the organ system comparison?

Reference
It is important to understand the phenomenon of cannibalism in order to properly prevent, diagnose and reduce it. The main aim of this study was to present and examine some of the well-examined methods of cannibalism mitigation. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-017-9465-2

Ex - Cubists work

@Arunan sir @KiranKalakotiR ma’am @2020ugchsncnseethala @saida786110 @Rechel_tirkey @Shraddha276

saswathy679 · September 29, 2021, 7:03pm

29th September 2021
Mock Session- Nail Regeneration
Related Questions From Public Chatbox

1.When was this data collected? What is the sample size?

2.From when to when? Sample size?

3.Can calcium dAreficiency be indicated by low nail growth? Nail growth varies between vegetarians, nonvegans, fish eaters?

4.Any reference to this slide on factors affect

5.Source of data?

6.Only the growth matters not whether voter mark or mehendi. measure growth over time.?

Mock Session- Fermentation study
Related Questions From Public Chatbox

1.What was your expectation before doing this experiment? did you had any expectation?

2.I hope they must have added some slides of showing how to identify microbes like bacteria and fungus on the basis of colony morphology

3.Yes, Bacteria colony vs Fungal colony?

4.Why egg protein is not degraded after boiling?

5.We would add pictures, of microbes showing different colony character bacteria and fungi growing on potato ?

6.How about the colonies that are growing on the potato slice shared by Dr. Arunan ?

7.Lactobacillus casei strain shirota present in drink yakult !

References
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Yeast-colonies-on-DG-18-agar-B-Microscopic-view-of-yeast-in-a-Gram-stain-preparation_fig4_336580479

References
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265418229_Draft_genome_sequences_and_description_of_Lactobacillus_rhamnosus_strains_L31_L34_and_L35/figures?lo=1

saswathy679 · September 30, 2021, 5:25pm

Whiteboard Discussion
30th September 2021

Nail Regeneration - Mock Session
Questions - Public Chatbox

1.Defenestrated? What is that?

Reference
https://en.wikipedia.org › …
Defenestration (from Modern Latin fenestra) is the act of throwing someone or something out of a window. …

2.Diving deeper into STEM Cells will distract the audience

3.Why stem cells and hoe connected to Voter’s mark & election commission.

4.Can we have some relevant images in the slide where importance of nail research in medical diagnosis, genetic inheritance and signaling etc is mentioned…otherwise it just looks like hypothetical

5.Nail growth per day?
There’s a goofup here! We didn’t update this graph… Will do it and add in the presentation.

6.Male’s estrogen is decreasing 56-65

Reference
Testosterone and estrogen are no longer considered male only and female only hormones. Both hormones are important in both sexes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC179885/

7.Great introduction using Nails, to Reproductive Endocrinology apart from Developmental Biology

8.What about elongation in thicker nails vs thinner nails.?

Nematodes - Mock Session

1.What is so fascinating about nematode ?

2.Any specific plant for specific nematodes?
All crop yielding plants.